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Aspirin can precipitate severe bronchospasm in susceptible individuals, particularly those with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). This reaction is not an IgE-mediated allergy but rather a pharmacologic consequence of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition.
Under normal conditions, arachidonic acid is metabolized by both the cyclooxygenase pathway and the lipoxygenase pathway. When aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX-1, prostaglandin synthesis decreases. As a result, more arachidonic acid is diverted toward the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, leading to excessive production of cysteinyl leukotrienes.
These leukotrienes are potent mediators of airway inflammation and cause:
The result is acute worsening of respiratory symptoms shortly after exposure.
Patients often present with:
Symptoms typically develop within 30 minutes to 3 hours after ingestion.
The condition is particularly associated with:
The classic triad consists of asthma, nasal polyps, and aspirin sensitivity.
Diagnosis is usually clinical.
Important clues include:
Formal aspirin challenge testing may be performed in specialized centers when necessary.
Treatment includes:
Patients frequently report that “every painkiller makes my asthma worse.” Careful questioning often reveals that acetaminophen at low doses is tolerated while classic NSAIDs consistently trigger symptoms.
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum feugiat, neque vitae tincidunt faucibus, turpis arcu commodo risus, sed dignissim justo metus quis nulla.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum feugiat, neque vitae tincidunt faucibus, turpis arcu commodo risus, sed dignissim justo metus quis nulla.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum feugiat, neque vitae tincidunt faucibus, turpis arcu commodo risus, sed dignissim justo metus quis nulla.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum feugiat, neque vitae tincidunt faucibus, turpis arcu commodo risus, sed dignissim justo metus quis nulla.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum feugiat, neque vitae tincidunt faucibus, turpis arcu commodo risus, sed dignissim justo metus quis nulla.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum feugiat, neque vitae tincidunt faucibus, turpis arcu commodo risus, sed dignissim justo metus quis nulla.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum feugiat, neque vitae tincidunt faucibus, turpis arcu commodo risus, sed dignissim justo metus quis nulla.